CHAPTER (1) : SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY : Chemistry is the study of matter , its physical and chemical properties and physical and chemical changes undergoes in different condition.
MATTER : Matter is anything which has mass & occupies space.
Matter is classified in to two groups.
1)Pure Substances
2)Mixtures
1)Pure Substances : Pure substances have definite chemical composition.& have some properties regardless of their origin is called pure substances.
example: distilled water, pure metal etc.
2) Mixtures: Mixtures have no chemical composition and no definite properties called mixtures.
example: Paint( mixture of oil& pigment, additives)
CHEMISTRY IS CLASSIFY INTO FIVE BRANCHES:
1) Organic Chemistry
2)In-Organic chemistry
3)Physical chemistry
4)Biochemistry
5) Analytical Chemistry
1) Organic Chemistry: This branch deals with the study of properties and reaction of carbon compounds.
2) In - organic chemistry : This branch deals with the study of elements and other than carbon compound.
3) Physical Chemistry : This branch deals with the study of matter ,the energy changes &the theories ,laws &principles that explain the transformation of matter into one form to another.
4) Biochemistry : This branch deals with the study of substances cons
iting of living organisms.
5) Analytical Chemistry : This branch deals with separation ,identification & quantitative determination of composition of different elements.
Element: elements are pure substances which cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical changes.
Elements are classified as metals , non metals and metalloids.
1) metals :
i) have lustre
ii) conduct heat and electricity
iii) can be broken down into wires (are ductile)
iv) can be hammered into thin sheets
examples :Gold ,Silver, copper etc.
2)Non-metals:
i) have no lustre
ii) cannot be hammered into sheets or into wires because they are brittle.
iii) are poor conductor of heat and electricity (exceptions graphite).
3)Metalloids:
i) some element have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals and are called called metalloids or semimetals examples includes arsenic Silicon and Germanium.
What is state of matter? Give characteristics of following states of matter?
1)Solid
2)Liquid
3)Gas
State of matter: State of matter is defined as one of the ways in which matter can interact with another to form homogeneous phase.
1)Characteristics of solid states
i) they have definite shape and volume
ii) In solid state the constituent particles are held close to each other in some definite orderly manner.
iii) In solids, the intermolecular forces of attraction are very strong.
iv) They have very small intermolecular space
v) They are non compressible.
2)Characteristics of liquid states
i)They have definite volume but indefinite shape.
ii)In liquid intermolecular forces of attraction are weak, hence liquid molecule have freedom to move from one place to another.
iii)Liquids are very slightly compressible.
iv) They have moderate intermolecaler space,
v) The molecules in liquid are in random motion.
3) Characteristics of gaseous states
i)They nither have definite shape or volume they occupies the entire volume of container.
ii)They have large intermolecular forces of attraction.
iii) Gases are highly compressible & also can be expanded.
iv) The gas molecules possess kinetic energy which depends upon the temperature.
Questions : 1) What is mean by chemistry?
2) What is mean by matter? Give the Classification of matter?
3) Expalin the terms metals. Non metals and metalliod.
4)What is state of matter? Give characteristics of following states of matter?
CHEMISTRY : Chemistry is the study of matter , its physical and chemical properties and physical and chemical changes undergoes in different condition.
MATTER : Matter is anything which has mass & occupies space.
Matter is classified in to two groups.
1)Pure Substances
2)Mixtures
1)Pure Substances : Pure substances have definite chemical composition.& have some properties regardless of their origin is called pure substances.
example: distilled water, pure metal etc.
2) Mixtures: Mixtures have no chemical composition and no definite properties called mixtures.
example: Paint( mixture of oil& pigment, additives)
CHEMISTRY IS CLASSIFY INTO FIVE BRANCHES:
1) Organic Chemistry
2)In-Organic chemistry
3)Physical chemistry
4)Biochemistry
5) Analytical Chemistry
1) Organic Chemistry: This branch deals with the study of properties and reaction of carbon compounds.
2) In - organic chemistry : This branch deals with the study of elements and other than carbon compound.
3) Physical Chemistry : This branch deals with the study of matter ,the energy changes &the theories ,laws &principles that explain the transformation of matter into one form to another.
4) Biochemistry : This branch deals with the study of substances cons
iting of living organisms.
5) Analytical Chemistry : This branch deals with separation ,identification & quantitative determination of composition of different elements.
Element: elements are pure substances which cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical changes.
Elements are classified as metals , non metals and metalloids.
1) metals :
i) have lustre
ii) conduct heat and electricity
iii) can be broken down into wires (are ductile)
iv) can be hammered into thin sheets
examples :Gold ,Silver, copper etc.
2)Non-metals:
i) have no lustre
ii) cannot be hammered into sheets or into wires because they are brittle.
iii) are poor conductor of heat and electricity (exceptions graphite).
3)Metalloids:
i) some element have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals and are called called metalloids or semimetals examples includes arsenic Silicon and Germanium.
What is state of matter? Give characteristics of following states of matter?
1)Solid
2)Liquid
3)Gas
State of matter: State of matter is defined as one of the ways in which matter can interact with another to form homogeneous phase.
1)Characteristics of solid states
i) they have definite shape and volume
ii) In solid state the constituent particles are held close to each other in some definite orderly manner.
iii) In solids, the intermolecular forces of attraction are very strong.
iv) They have very small intermolecular space
v) They are non compressible.
2)Characteristics of liquid states
i)They have definite volume but indefinite shape.
ii)In liquid intermolecular forces of attraction are weak, hence liquid molecule have freedom to move from one place to another.
iii)Liquids are very slightly compressible.
iv) They have moderate intermolecaler space,
v) The molecules in liquid are in random motion.
3) Characteristics of gaseous states
i)They nither have definite shape or volume they occupies the entire volume of container.
ii)They have large intermolecular forces of attraction.
iii) Gases are highly compressible & also can be expanded.
iv) The gas molecules possess kinetic energy which depends upon the temperature.
Questions : 1) What is mean by chemistry?
2) What is mean by matter? Give the Classification of matter?
3) Expalin the terms metals. Non metals and metalliod.
4)What is state of matter? Give characteristics of following states of matter?
5) Give the classification of chemistry branches?
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